英语新闻标题总是力求用有限的字数来表达新闻的内容,为此,在措词上尤其要狠下功夫,选词尽可能经济达意、简短明了,偏爱选用那些短小精悍或字母Z少的动词。这是因为短小易懂、形象生动的措词不仅能增强新闻的简洁性和可读性,而且还能节省版面篇幅。如表示“破坏”或“损坏”一词意义的动词,标题一般不用damage,而用一些较之简短的词,如hit,harm,hurt, ruin或wreck等。又如表示“放弃”这一概念的动词,标题一般不用 abandon,而用drop, give up,quit,skip或yield 等;表示“BZ”之类的动词意义时,一般不用 explode,而用blast,crash, ram或smash等词。简而言之,英语新闻标题大都喜欢选用字形短小、音节不多而意义又比较广泛的词。
这类动词在标题中屡见不鲜,读者平时阅读时不妨多加留意,这对于提高英语水平,尤其是熟悉英语同义动词,无疑是大有稗益的。为便于读者更好地理解英语新闻标题,现再列举一些常见诸报端的标题小词,以备不时之需:
aid=assist (帮助;援助)alter=change or modify (改变)ask=inquire(询问)assail=denounce (谴责)axe=dismiss/reduce(解雇/减少)balk=impede (阻碍)ban=prohibit or forbid (禁止)bar=prevent (防止;阻止)bare=expose or reveal (暴露;揭露)blast=explode (BZ)begin=commence (开始)bid=attempt (努力)bilk=cheat (欺骗)bolt=desert or abandon (放弃)boost=increase (增加;提高)check=examine (检查)claim=ause the death of…(夺去……的生命)clash=disagree strong1y (发生分歧;争议)curb=control or restrict (控制)dip=decIlne or decrease (下降)ease=lessen (减轻;缓和)end=terminate (结束;中止)flay=criticize(批评)flout=insult (侮辱)foil=prevent from (阻止;防止)grill = investigate (调查)gut=destroy (摧毁)head=direct (率领)hold=arrest (逮捕)laud=praise (赞扬)lop=diminish (下降;减少)map=work out (制订)mark=celebrate (庆祝)name=appoint/nominate(命名/提名)moot=discuss (讨论)mull=consider(考虑)nab=arrest(逮捕)nip=defeat(击败)nix=deny/disapprove(否决/拒绝)opt=choose(选择)oust=expel (驱逐)peril=endanger (危害;危及)pledge=determine (发誓)plot=conspire (预谋;密谋策划)plunge=plummet (价格等)暴跌poise=ready for action (作好准备)probe=investigate (调查)raid =attack (进攻)rap =criticize (批评)rebuke=criticize (批评)rout=defeat completely(击溃;打垮)slay=murder (谋杀)soar=skyrocket (急剧上升)spur=encourage(激励;鞭策)swap=exchange (交流;交换)sway=influence (影响)trim=reduce (削减)vie=compete (竞争)vow=determine (决心;发誓)weigh=consider (考虑)woo=seek to win (争取;追求)